What does an indictment represent?

An indictment represents a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime, typically issued by a grand jury. This legal document charges an individual with a specific crime and serves as a crucial step in the criminal justice process, moving the case forward to trial. An indictment signifies that there is enough evidence for a case to proceed, indicating that the grand jury believes there is probable cause to support the charges against the accused.

In contrast, a plea agreement is negotiated between the defense and prosecution to resolve a case without going to trial; a legal motion filed by the defense refers to requests made to the court for specific rulings or actions; and a statement made under oath by a witness is typically referred to as testimony, which is different from an indictment as it does not serve the same function of formally charging an individual with a crime. Understanding the distinct role of an indictment is vital in grasping the procedural steps in the criminal justice system.